Douglas mcgregor theory x and theory y pdf

Furthermore, there is a certain amount of confusion around the underlying principles of the theories. Under theory x, management approaches can range from a hard approach to a soft approach. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. Challenges and limitations of theory x and theory y motivation. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. According to mcgregor, theory x seeks to promote engagement by directing, monitoring. Pdf theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia.

Mar 21, 20 theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. The definitive guide stepbystep maslows hierarchy of needs. Introduced by douglas mcgregor, theory x and theory y talk about the diverging views that exist about how organizations function. Application of theory x and y in classroom management by. In the 1960s, social psychologist douglas mcgregor developed two contrasting theories that explained how managers beliefs about what motivates their people. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous x y theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Essentially, theory x assumes that people work only for money and security. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. Pdf leadership style and organizational performance have been. He is best known for his theory x and theory y, which splits corporate thinking into two camps. In 1957, an american social psychologist named douglas mcgregor proposed his famous theory x and theory y in his book titled the human side of en terprise mcgragor, 1960. He referred to these two perceptions as theory x and theory y.

He contributed much to the development of management and motivational theory. May, 2016 many theorists support that mcgregors theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. May 15, 2017 the major distinct disadvantage of theory x and theory y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions a supervisor is either motivated by theory x or by theory y. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous xy theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise.

Although nearly 50 years have passed since mcgregor s initial formulation of theory x and theory y, the substantive validity of his theorizing on the effects of individual differences in. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a lecturer at harvard university and became the first sloan fellows professor at mit his theory x and theory y was detailed in the human side of enterprise, published in 1960. Douglas mcgregors theory x vs theory y lucidchart blog. However, modern revisions including contingency theorists argue that theory y is not essentially a progressive alternative to a dull theory x. Contentsadvantages of theory x and ydisadvantages of theory x and ydifference between theory x and theory y douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y.

Theory x and theory y assumptions, merits and demerits. May 05, 2018 mcgregors theory x and theory y douglas mcgregors in his book the human side of enterprise published in 1960, explained two different kinds of theories or assumptions about human behavior. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Dec 10, 2018 douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregor s landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. What might be less immediately understandable are the differing effects of theory x and y on resulting behavior and productivity. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to.

Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. The two theories are sets of propositions and beliefs about human nature. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. They can only be made to get results at work by the application of. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. This theory was developed by douglas mcgregor in 1950s at mit. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management approach, and this break new ground for argument that employees of an organization are not merely cogs in the machinery of. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his book the human side of enterprise 1960. Aug 05, 2019 theory x and theory y are considered as theories of human motivation at the workplace. Theory x and theory y of motivation explain with examples. Douglas mcgregor then arrived at the conclusion that the style of leadership depends on the. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions.

Prottas assistant professor of management adelphi university anne l. His work showed that thoughts and beliefs might influence behavior. However, he found that an organisation driven solely by theory y could not succeed, as some sense of direction and structure was required. Theory x and theory y team management training from.

Introduction theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation created and developed by douglas mcgregor in the 1960s. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories. Theory x holds a negative traditional view of the workers while theory y holds a much refined and. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation.

Kopelman professor of management baruch college david j. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. The outcomes of positive outlook at mankind in organizations let people participate in decisionmaking process, encouraging communication for improvement. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. Mcgregor holds the opinion that theory x assumptions about organisation, management, and man are obstacles to performance, and productivity. It is to mcgregors thorough research and curiosity in behavior and incentive that we owe our current understanding of theory x and theory y. Mcgregors sets forth two alternative views of human nature first view are called theoryx and the second view is called theoryy. Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x. Mcgregors 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, had a profound influence on education practices. In the 1960s douglas mcgregor a social psychologist of mit developed two well known contrasting theories on human motivation and management theory x and theory y. In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility. Mcgregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are theory x and theory y.

Theory x and theory y management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. Douglas mcgregor, through his wellknown theory x and theory y, drew a distinction between the assumptions about human motivation which underlie these two approaches, to this effect. The concept of theory x and theory y was developed by social psychologist douglas mcgregor. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation. Theory x people dislike work, have little ambition, and are unwilling to take responsibility. Advantages and disadvantages of theory x and y essay. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y as far as mcgregor was concerned, this was a starting place, not a definitive set of universal rules to be adopted without question. Nov 25, 2019 douglas mcgregors theory incorporates both internal and external motivation. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Advantages of theory x and y the biggest advantage of using theory x. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit.

So, in place of theory x mcgregor proposed a new theory broadly recognized as theory. According to mcgregor, the perception of managers on the nature of individuals. Douglas mcgregor work is established in motivation theory. Douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise published in 1960 has examined theories on. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by.

Both theories x and y are proposed by mcgregor which describe the workforce models which are contrasting in nature and which are used by reporting managers in organizational behaviour and human. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y february 5, 2016 by umar farooq aside from maslows hierarchy of needs, there are so many other theories of needs that determine certain specific needs of an individual, which may offer a satisfaction associated with the work motivation. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y shubhabrata bose iiswbm mbaday sec. For those managers faced with the challenge of douglas mcgregors landmark book, the. They are inadequate to realize all the human potentialities. It describes two contrasting sets of assumptions that managers make about their people. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. Theory x and theory y of management represent two fundamental approaches to employee engagement carson, 2005. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Theory x advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. Mcgregor theory x and theory y for staff and employees motivation. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s.